Reversity as a universal phenomenon of cognitive nature

The article covers the problem of reversity as one of the linguistic phenomena that helps to represent linguistic view of the world. In the article the authors try to prove that it is a universal feature typical of all languages represented by specific language structures in particular language. The study of such phenomena in different groups of languages gives the opportunity to find out some principles revealing the true nature of language development and semantic modificatio

Development of methods for computer-aided manufacturing of abrasive grains and a device for its implementation

У статті проаналізовано методи і пристрої для автоматизованого виробництва абразивних гранул певної геометричної форми та запропоновано шляхи удосконалення конструкції пристроїв для виготовлення гранул в формі пірамід, що мають в основі не опуклий шестикутник.В статье проанализированы методы и устройства для автоматизированного производства абразивных гранул определенной геометрической формы и предложены пути усовершенствования конструкции устройств для изготовления гранул в форме пирамид, в основании которых лежит невыпуклый шестиугольникThe existing methods of manufacturing of abrasive granules with various geometric shapes and the new method of computer-aided manufacturing of abrasive granules in rubber and ceramic bonding and device for its implementation are examined in the article. A device for manufacturing of abrasive granules with desired geometric shape is presented. This device allows solving the problem of serial automated tools production for treatment of parts with complex geometric shapes in an environment of free abrasives. Using all stages of CAD-system KOMPAS-3D enabled to create associative drawings quickly, which significantly reduced design time and provide maximum visualization of the designed device. A parametric model of the device for manufacturing of abrasive granules with desired geometric shape was initially designed. This model allows automatically change the design of the device at changing of abrasive granules parameters (changing the type of binder, forms of beads and so on.), or their number. An economic efficiency of the designed device in real production conditions was confirmed

Artificial Intelligence as an Auxiliary Tool for Limiting Religious Freedom in China

Objective: based on studying the statistics of crimes, national legislation and norms of international law, to give a legal assessment to restrictions of the right to worship implemented with the use of artificial intelligence technologies in China.Methods: the methodological basis of the research is the set of methods of scientific cognition, including specific sociological (analysis of statistical data and other documents), formal-legal (examining legal categories and definitions), formal-logical (analysis and synthesis), general scientific (induction, deduction), and other methods.Results: the work researches prerequisites for using artificial intelligence technologies in China to control public relations arising during religious activity both in the digital space and beyond; analyzes the legal framework of the measures implemented; gives a legal assessment to restrictions of the religious freedom using artificial intelligence technologies; forecasts the further development of Chinese legislation and foreign policy associated with religious freedom. Additionally, the work analyzes materials of human rights organizations aimed at hindering the Chinese policy of “sinicisation” and “de-extremification” of ethnic and religious minorities, including with the help of control and propaganda using modern digital technologies.Scientific novelty: the work researches the attempt of China to regulate the challenges related to religious activity, arising during rapid digitalization of the society and state, which the Republic faces being a developing, multinational and polyconfessional country. The established restrictions of religious freedom using artificial intelligence technologies are considered along with the relevant criminal statistics. The legal assessment of using artificial intelligence as a tool for restricting the right to worship is given from the standpoint of international law, as well as with the account of Chinese national legislation.Practical significance: the research results can be used to elaborate a consistent legal framework for using artificial intelligence technologies to counteract extremism

El problem of setting educacionales: de Socrates to b. Bloom

This article is devoted to the problem of defining educational goals. The authors singled out the methodological foundations of the problem of setting goals in education, describes the key approaches to its solution, shows the essence and logic of the socially conditioned process of changing educational goals in the historical and pedagogical process, outlines the main stages in the development of the problem of setting goals in the field of education. A retrospective analysis of the development of the problem in domestic and foreign pedagogy was carried out. The choice of personalities is due to the role of Socrates and B. Bloom in the development of the problem: Socrates was the first philosopher of antiquity to raise the problem of setting goals as an educational ideal. B.Bloom for the first time in the history of pedagogy has developed "taxonomy of educational goals" as an innovative system for specifying educational goals. The influence of Bloom's taxonomy on the development of education in the world and the course of modern educational reforms in Russia are shown.Este artículo está dedicado al problema de definir objetivos educativos. Los autores señalaron los fundamentos metodológicos del problema de establecer metas en la educación, describen los enfoques clave para su solución, muestran la esencia y la lógica del proceso condicionado socialmente de cambiar los objetivos educativos en el proceso histórico y pedagógico, describen las etapas principales en el desarrollo del problema de establecer metas en el campo de la educación. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo del desarrollo del problema en la pedagogía nacional y extranjera. La elección de las personalidades se debe al papel de Sócrates y B. Bloom en el desarrollo del problema: Sócrates fue el primer filósofo de la antigüedad en plantear el problema de establecer metas como ideal educativo. B. Bloom, por primera vez en la historia de la pedagogía, ha desarrollado la "taxonomía de los objetivos educativos" como un sistema innovador para especificar los objetivos educativos. Se muestra la influencia de la taxonomía de Bloom en el desarrollo de la educación en el mundo y el curso de las reformas educativas modernas en Rusia.Este artigo é dedicado ao problema de definir objetivos educativos. Los autores señalar os fundamentos metodológicos do problema de estabelecimento dos metassos na educação, descrevem as enfoques para a solução, muestran a esencia e a lógica do processo de condicionamento social para os objetivos educativos no processo histórico e pedagógico, descrevem as etapas principais o desenvolvimento do problema de estabelecimento de metas no campo da educação. Percebe-se uma análise retrospectiva do desenvolvimento do problema na pedagogia nacional e extranjera. A eleição das personalidades se refere ao papel de Sócrates e B. Bloom no desenvolvimento do problema: Sócrates fue el primer filósofo de the antigüedad en plantear el problema de establecer metas como ideal educativo. B. Bloom, por primera vez na historia da pedagogia, desenhou a taxonomía dos objetivos educativos como um sistema inovador para especificar os objetivos educativos. Se a influência da taxonomia de Bloom no desenvolvimento da educação no mundo e o curso das reformas educativas modernas em Rusia

Towards Legal Regulations of Generative AI in the Creative Industry

Objective: this article aims to answer the following questions: 1. Can generative artificial intelligence be a subject of copyright law? 2. What risks the unregulated use of generative artificial intelligence systems can cause? 3. What legal gaps should be filled in to minimize such risks?Methods: comparative legal analysis, sociological method, concrete sociological method, quantitative data analysis, qualitative data analysis, statistical analysis, case study, induction, deduction.Results: the authors identified several risks of the unregulated usage of generative artificial intelligence in the creative industry, among which are: violation of copyright and labor law, violation of consumers rights and the rise of public distrust in government. They suggest that a prompt development of new legal norms can minimize these risks. In conclusion, the article constants that states have already begun to realize that the negative impact of generative artificial intelligence on the creative industry must not be ignored, hence the development of similar legal regulations in states with completely different regimes.Scientific novelty: the article provides a comprehensive study of the impact of generative artificial intelligence on the creative industry from two perspectives: the perspective of law and the perspective of the industry. The empirical basis of it consists of two international surveys and an expert opinion of a representative of the industry. This approach allowed the authors to improve the objectivity of their research and to obtain results that can be used for finding a practical solution for the identified risks. The problem of the ongoing development and popularization of generative artificial intelligence systems goes beyond the question “who is the author?” therefore, it needs to be solved by introduction of other than the already existing mechanisms and regulations - this point of view is supported not only by the results of the surveys but also by the analysis of current lawsuits against developers of generative artificial intelligence systems.Practical significance: the obtained results can be used to fasten the development of universal legal rules, regulations, instruments and standards, the current lack of which poses a threat not only to human rights, but also to several sectors within the creative industry and beyond

Teaching Quality Assurances in Higher Education Institution: Competence-Based Approach

Use of research methods (analytic and synthetic, modeling, studying of psychology and pedagogical literature and products of activity) allowed researchers of the study to prove relevance of a problem of providing quality assurance of teaching in higher education institution on the basis of competence-based approach to be defined in concept of teaching quality assurance system to develop mechanisms, means, conditions, model of system realization. As the bases for development of teaching quality assurance system realization model the grounds of competence-based approach, the increasing requirements of the state, society, family and personality to education quality, their dissatisfaction with speed and adequacy of the happening changes ac

ПРАКТИКО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫЙ ПОДХОД В СИСТЕМЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ КАДРОВ ДЛЯ АПК РЕГИОНА

One of the main factors that define economic efficiency of agricultural production is highly-professional staff and blue-collar workers. The raising role of agribusiness staff is explained by necessity to intensify agricultural production by means of new approaches to production management and application of high-tech equipment and modern technologies. The problem of qualitative agribusiness staff is urgent in each region. During many years of reforms in our country, agricultural producers were deprived of professional staff training. Nowadays only small part of agricultural enterprises accumulates the experience of mutual cooperation with further training institutions. The rest part of employers remains passive in respect to the issues of training prospective specialists. The authors estimate the quality of human resources employed at agricultural enterprises ofOmskregion, satisfaction of employers with the level of staff training and cooperation of agricultural enterprises with institutions. The authors make conclusion about insufficient cooperation between agricultural producers and further training institutions. The authors make case that it is necessary to build the system of cooperation (practice-oriented approach) between agricultural producers and further training institutions that is represented in the paper. This approach solves two main problems related to the quality of staff training and their deficit.Одним из главных факторов, определяющих экономическую эффективность сельскохозяйственного производства, является обеспечение отрасли как высококвалифицированными специалистами, так и производственными рабочими. В настоящее время возрастание роли кадров в АПК продиктовано необходимостью последовательной интенсификации сельскохозяйственного производства за счет новых подходов к управлению производством, внедрения новой высокопроизводительной техники и передовых технологий. Сегодня проблемы обеспечения агропромышленного комплекса качественными кадрами испытывают в каждом регионе. За многие годы преобразований, которые происходили в России, сельхозтоваропроизводители практически выпали из звена профессиональной подготовки кадров. В настоящее время только малая часть предприятий сферы АПК начинает накапливать опыт взаимовыгодного сотрудничества с учреждениями системы профессиональной подготовки и переподготовки кадров. Остальная часть работодателей остается пассивной в вопросах подготовки будущих специалистов и рабочих. На основе проведенного анализа качества кадрового обеспечения сельскохозяйственных предприятий региона (Омской области), удовлетворенности работодателей уровнем профессиональной подготовки специалистов и рабочих и направлений сотрудничества сельскохозяйственных предприятий с образовательными учреждениями авторы делают вывод о неразвитости взаимоотношений между работодателями и учреждениями системы профессиональной подготовки кадров. Для того чтобы выйти из сложившейся ситуации, необходимо сформировать систему взаимодействия (практико-ориентированный подход) между работодателями и образовательными учреждениями, осуществляющими профессиональную подготовку кадров сельскохозяйственного профиля, которая представлена в работе. В результате такого подхода сельскохозяйственных предприятий-работодателей к процессу подготовки кадров будут решены две основные проблемы: качества подготовки кадров и их дефицита

Polarization Dependent Excitation and High Harmonic Generation from Intense Mid-IR Laser Pulses in ZnO

The generation of high order harmonics from femtosecond mid-IR laser pulses in ZnO has shown great potential to reveal new insight into the ultrafast electron dynamics on a few femtosecond timescale. In this work we report on the experimental investigation of photoluminescence and high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in a ZnO single crystal and polycrystalline thin film irradiated with intense femtosecond mid-IR laser pulses. The ellipticity dependence of the HHG process is experimentally studied up to the 17th harmonic order for various driving laser wavelengths in the spectral range 3–4 µm. Interband Zener tunneling is found to exhibit a significant excitation efficiency drop for circularly polarized strong-field pump pulses. For higher harmonics with energies larger than the bandgap, the measured ellipticity dependence can be quantitatively described by numerical simulations based on the density matrix equations. The ellipticity dependence of the below and above ZnO band gap harmonics as a function of the laser wavelength provides an efficient method for distinguishing the dominant HHG mechanism for different harmonic orders

Laser wakefield acceleration with mid-IR laser pulses

We report on the first results of laser plasma wakefield acceleration driven by ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses (\lambda= 3.9 \mu m, 100 fs, 0.25 TW), which enable near- and above-critical density interactions with moderate-density gas jets. Relativistic electron acceleration up to ~12 MeV occurs when the jet width exceeds the threshold scale length for relativistic self-focusing. We present scaling trends in the accelerated beam profiles, charge and spectra, which are supported by particle-in-cell simulations and time-resolved images of the interaction. For similarly scaled conditions, we observe significant increases in accelerated charge compared to previous experiments with near-infrared (\lambda=800 nm) pulses